Bruxelles, 29 gennaio 2021 – L’Unione europea (UE) deve ripensare in maniera più ambiziosa la sua governance socio-economica se vuole essere all’altezza del suo impegno di sradicare la povertà nei suoi Stati membri, secondo quanto riferito dal relatore speciale delle Nazioni Unite su povertà estrema e diritti umani Olivier De Schutter alla fine di una visita ufficiale presso le istituzioni dell’UE.
Dal 25 novembre 2020 al 28 gennaio 2021 infatti, De Schutter ha effettuato una serie di visite in molte istituzioni UE e ha così avuto modo di incontrare funzionari molto dediti e impegnati nella lotta alla povertà nel continente, ma come l’esperto ONU riconosce, “la buona volontà non è abbastanza”, ma c’è bisogno di un’azione più concreta e decisiva per risolvere questa piaga, esacerbata dalla crisi economica e sanitaria innescata dalla pandemia.
Se si escludono le perdite economiche dell’ultimo anno dovute alla pandemia, l’UE ha conosciuto negli anni precedenti una crescita economica e occupazionale costante: l’unica spiegazione di fronte a un tasso di povertà ancora elevato nell’Unione è che i benefici non siano stati distribuiti in modo uniforme. L’esperto ONU, inoltre, punta il dito contro le politiche europee volte al contenimento dei costi. Dal 2009 infatti, l’UE non ha dato priorità agli investimenti nella sanità, nell’istruzione e nella protezione sociale (settori chiave per la riduzione della povertà), ma ha imposto raccomandazioni agli Stati Membri sul bisogno di effettuare importanti tagli di bilancio proprio in queste aree, in nome dell’efficienza dei costi.
L’UE, dunque, può e deve fare ancora molto. La crisi attuale può essere l’occasione per l’Europa di reinventarsi mettendo al centro la giustizia sociale. Riproponiamo qui di seguito il comunicato stampa completo fornito sull’argomento dall’Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i diritti umani (OHCHR). Il relatore speciale Olivier De Schutter è stato di recente intervistato da alcuni giornalisti italiani (da Radio Rai e da Avvenire), a dimostrazione dell’interesse del pubblico italiano per il tema della povertà estrema e delle misure che possono essere messe in atto per contrastare il fenomeno.
**
EU needs to reinvent itself to win fight against poverty – UN expert
BRUSSELS (29 January 2021) – The European Union must boldly rethink its socio-economic governance if it is to live up to its commitment to eradicate poverty, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights said at the end of an official visit to the EU’s institutions on Friday.
“While the EU has made recent progress in the eradication of poverty, it should not fall into complacency,” said Olivier De Schutter*. “Its own commitment to lift 20 million people out of poverty by 2020 was largely missed. Since the EU has experienced steady economic and employment growth until very recently, the only explanation for this failure is that the benefits have not been evenly distributed. This is a defeat for social rights.”
One in five people, or 21.1 percent of the population, was at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2019: this represents a total of 92.4 million people. A total of 19.4 million children, representing 23.1 percent, live in poverty across the Union, and 20.4 million workers live at risk of poverty. Women are disproportionately represented among the poor. Eight-five percent of lone-parent families are led by women, and 40.3 percent of them are at risk of poverty.
The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 has affected many Europeans who had never experienced poverty before. “I have spoken with people who have experienced hunger for the first time, who have been exposed because they are homeless, and who are maltreated and abused because of poverty,” said De Schutter.
“The EU can play an important role in galvanizing Member States’ anti-poverty efforts, notably through the yearly recommendations it issues to its Member States. But instead of prioritizing investments in healthcare, education, and social protection, these recommendations have often imposed budgetary cuts in the name of cost-efficiency. Since 2009, Member States have only decreased their investments in these areas critical for poverty reduction,” the UN expert noted.
The European Green Deal was presented at the end of 2019 by President von der Leyen as the new EU growth strategy. “The fight against poverty is the missing piece of this Green Deal. The Green Deal is supposed to combine environmental and social objectives, but as long as this good intention is not translated into concrete actions, millions will continue to struggle for a decent standard of living in a society that leaves them behind.”
De Schutter also highlighted that the inability of the EU to address the “race to the bottom” of Member States in the fields of taxation and worker protections undermines its anti-poverty efforts.
“Member States compete with each other in very unhelpful ways. They race to the bottom by lowering taxes, wages, and worker protections because they think that’s how they can attract investors and improve external cost competitiveness. But undermining social rights not only violates international obligations, it is bad for enterprises, workers, and public coffers alike. Between €160-190 billion are lost each year from tax competition alone. This results in shifting the tax burden from large corporations and wealthy individuals onto workers and consumers.”
From 25 November to 28 January, the UN expert met with representatives from institutions such as the European Commission, the Council of the EU, the European Parliament, the European Labor Authority, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Fundamental Rights Agency, the European Central Bank and the European Investment Bank, as well as national or local representatives from France, Spain, Italy, and Romania. He spoke with numerous civil society organisations representing younger and older adults, Roma populations, migrants, children, people with disabilities, as well as with people affected by poverty across these groups, and with social workers and social partners.
“I was impressed by the dedication of the officials with whom I met,” De Schutter said. “But goodwill is not enough. If Europe wants to lead the way towards inclusive societies, it needs a bold EU-wide anti-poverty strategy that commits to reducing poverty by 50 percent equally across Member States by 2030.
“The current crisis is the chance for Europe to reinvent itself by placing social justice at its core. The presentation of the Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which should include the Child Guarantee and a proposal to ensure adequate minimum incomes schemes are available across the EU, is an opportunity that should not be wasted.”
The final report from the expert’s visit will be presented to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva in June 2021.
The end-of-mission statement is here.
The list of meetings held is here.
ENDS
*Mr. Olivier De Schutter was appointed as the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights by the UN Human Rights Council on 1st May 2020. The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organisation and serve in their individual capacity.
Follow the Special Rapporteur on social media at @DeSchutterO and @srpoverty
Follow news related to the UN’s independent human rights experts on Twitter @UN_SPExperts.